Your Racial/Cultural Identity Development
Read the following descriptiong of the Racial/Cultural Identity Model (RCID) before answering the questions for this exercise in your journal.
Atkinson, Morten, and Sue (1979, 1989, 1998) proposed a five-stage Minority Identity Development model (MID) in an attempt to pull out common features that cut across various groups:
Conformity Stage
· Minority individuals are distinguished by their unequivocal preference for dominant cultural values over their own
· White Americans in the United States represent their reference group, and the identification set is quite strong
· Lifestyles, value systems, and cultural/physical characteristics that most resemble White society are highly valued
Dissonance Stage
· An individual will encounter information or experiences that are inconsistent with culturally held beliefs, attitudes, and values
· An Asian American who believes that Asians are inhibited, passive, inarticulate, and poor in people relationships may encounter an Asian leader who seems to break all these stereotypes
· An African American who believes that race problems are due to laziness, untrustworthiness, or personal inadequacies of his or her own group may suddenly encounter racism on a personal level.
· Denial begins to break down, which leads to a questioning and challenging of the attitudes/beliefs of the conformity stage.
Resistance and Immersion Stage
· The minority person tends to endorse minority-held views completely and to reject the dominant values of society and culture
· The person seems dedicated to reacting against White society and rejects White social, cultural, and institutional standards as having no personal validity
· Desire to eliminate oppression of the individual’s minority group becomes an important motivation of the individual’s behavior
· During the resistance and immersion stage, the three most active types of affective feelings are guilt, shame, and anger
Introspection Stage
· The individual begins to discover that this level of intensity of feelings (anger directed toward White society) is psychologically draining and does not permit one to really devote more crucial energies to understanding themselves or to their own racial-cultural group
· The resistance and immersion stage tends to be a reaction against the dominant culture and is not proactive in allowing the individual to use all energies to discover who or what he or she is
· Self-definition in the previous stage tends to be reactive (against White racism), and a need for positive self-definition in a proactive sense emerges.
· The minority individual experiences feelings of discontent and discomfort with group views that may be quite rigid in the resistance and immersion stage--a Latino individual who may form a deep relationship with a White person may experience considerable pressure from his or her culturally similar peers to break off the relationship because that White person is the “enemy.” However, the personal experiences of the individual may, in fact, not support this group view
Integrative Awareness Stage
· Minority persons in this stage have developed an inner sense of security and now can own and appreciate unique aspects of their culture as well as those in U.S. culture
· Minority culture is not necessarily in conflict with White dominant cultural ways
· Conflicts and discomforts experienced in the previous stage become resolved, allowing greater individual control and flexibility
· The person has a strong commitment and desire to eliminate all forms of oppression
Step 1: Using the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (RCID) describe in your journal your process of racial/cultural identity development during the stages of:
1. Conformity
2. Dissonance
3. Resistance and Immersion
4. Introspection
5. Integrative Awareness
Step 2: Answer the following questions in your journal:
1. What stage are you currently experiencing? Give examples.
2. What factors/experiences influenced your progression?
3. How do you plan to further facilitate your racial identity development?
4. What are the therapeutic implications of the RCID model for you as you become a counselor in a multicultural perspective?
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